Family Sphingidae (Hawk moths)

The family Sphingidae contains 1,450 species globally with concentration in the tropics. They are medium to large moths with narrow wings and streamlined abdomens allowing them agile and sustained flight, which is distinguishable from other moths.

Some species such as the hummingbird hawk-moth are able to hover in midair while they feed on nectar from flowers, and are sometimes mistaken for hummingbirds. Sphingids have been much studied for their flight, especially their ability to move rapidly from side to side while hovering. This is thought to have evolved to deal with ambush predators such as flower mantis and crab spiders that lie in wait in flowers.

Sphingids are some of the fastest flying insects, capable of speeds up to 19 km/h. They have wingspans from 40–100mm. Prior to flight, most species shiver their flight muscles to warm them up, and, during flight, body temperatures may surpass 40 °C.